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From the Department of Anesthesiology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Address correspondence to: Dr. Charles Elliot Smith, Department of Anesthesia, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA. Phone: 216-778-3616; Fax: 216-778-5378; E-mail: csmith{at}metrohealth.org
Purpose: Convective warming is routinely employed to maintain perioperative normothermia. However, due to differences in nozzle temperature and air flow of the power units, there are clinically relevant differences in heat transfer among convective warming systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a quieter, convective warming system (WarmAir, sound pressure level 49 dba, air flow 35 cfm). The WarmAir system was compared to the standard, higher air flow system (Bair Hugger Model 750, sound pressure level 55 dba, air flow 48 cfm) with regards to temperature outcome.
Methods: Patients undergoing general anesthesia for major abdominal and orthopedic surgery were randomized into one of two groups: WarmAir or Bair Hugger. Both groups received an upper body, convective blanket using coverage appropriate for the given surgical procedure. Convective warming, at the high setting, was started after prepping and draping, and distal esophageal or nasopharyngeal temperature was measured intraoperatively. Sublingual temperature was measured preoperatively and on admission to the postanesthesia care unit.
Results: The WarmAir (n = 89) and Bair Hugger (n = 95) groups were similar with respect to age, gender, body mass index, ASA status, fluid balance, and duration of surgery. There was no difference in temperature outcomes between groups. In the WarmAir group, preoperative, lowest intraoperative, end of surgery, and postanesthesia care unit admission temperatures were (means ± SD); 36.3 ± 0.5, 35.4 ± 1.1, 36.4 ± 0.7, and 36.4 ± 0.6°C, respectively. Corresponding temperatures in the Bair Hugger group were; 36.3 ± 0.6, 35.6 ± 1.0, 36.5 ± 0.6, and 36.4 ± 0.5°C, respectively.
Conclusion: Despite differences in heating characteristics, both convective warming systems were effective in maintaining perioperative normothermia in patients undergoing major abdominal and orthopedic surgery. Therefore, choice of warming system is dependent on other factors such as ergonomics and cost.
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